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1.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 144(7): 312-316, abr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134585

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: Se describe una nueva mutación en el gen δ-globina (delta-talasemia), responsable de una disminución de los valores de hemoglobina (Hb) A2 y asociada a Hb Watts, variante de Hb debido a una deleción de trinucleótidos. Pacientes y método: El análisis de Hb se llevó a cabo mediante high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, «cromatografía líquida de alta resolución») de intercambio iónico y electroforesis capilar de zona. Se utilizaron técnicas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenciación automática para identificar las mutaciones en los genes δ- y α-globina. Resultados: La Hb anómala se observó en la electroforesis capilar de zona en Z6 y por HPLC de intercambio iónico apareció un pico más lento que la HbA en un tiempo de retención de 4,19 min. Esta variante de la Hb se llama Hb Watts [α2 74(EF3)Asp->0 o α2 75(EF4)Asp->0; HBA2:c.226_228delGAC]. El bajo porcentaje de HbA2 se debe a una inserción de 27 nt entre los nucleótidos 83 y 84 de IVS-I del gen de δ-globina. Conclusiones: Cuando se analiza un cromatograma se debe tener en cuenta la posibilidad de una delta-talasemia o una variante de HbA2, aparte de una alfa-talasemia, beta-talasemia y hemoglobinopatías estructurales. A tal fin, cada uno de los picos y sus porcentajes deben ser considerados para una correcta interpretación y evitar diagnósticos erróneos tanto como sea posible (AU)


Background and objective: We describe a novel delta-thalassemia mutation causing decreased hemoglobin (Hb) A2 levels associated with Hb Watts, variant Hb resulting from a trinucleotide deletion in Spain. Patients and method: Hb variant analysis was performed by cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analyses were used to identify mutations in the δ- and α-globin genes. Results: Abnormal Hb was observed on capillary zone electrophoresis in Z6 and by cation-exchange HPLC a slower peak than HbA was observed at an retention time of 4.19 min. This variant Hb is called Hb Watts [α2 74(EF3)Asp->0 or α2 75(EF4)Asp->0; HBA2:c.226_228delGAC]. The decreased HbA2 percentage owes to an insertion of 27 nt between nt 83 and 84 of IVS-I of the δ-globin gene. Conclusions: When analyzing a chromatogram, the possibility of the existence of delta-thalassemia or an HbA2 variant should be considered, apart from alfa-, beta-thalassemia and structural haemoglobinopathies. To this end, each of the peaks and their percentages should be considered to allow for correct interpretation and to avoid misdiagnosis as much as possible (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Talassemia delta , Hemoglobinopatias , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Talassemia beta , Talassemia alfa , Hemoglobinas , Mutação , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 136(15): 674-7, 2011 May 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21453942

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The two structural genes encoding the human α-globin chains are located on the short arm of chromosome 16. Normal individuals have four genes α (αα/αα). α-thalassemias are usually produced by the deletion of one, two, three, or four α genes. Deletion of both α genes within the same chromosome (α° thalassemia) is commonly observed in individuals from the Mediterranean basin and Southeast Asia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We study two natural families of Madrid with microcytic hypochromic anemia. The DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes was digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridization with probes of gene cluster α. The ends of the deletion were characterized by combining the techniques of Southern blot, PCR and FISH. RESULTS: We present two new mutations of α° thalassemia in two Spanish families, not previously described in the literature. The deletion (--(ED)) is ∼80 kb with the break point 5' in the coordinate +100 (± 3 kb), whereas the end 3'HVR places in the coordinate 178±750 bp. The second deletion (--(GP)) is more extensive, with loss of 145 kb, placing the deletion in the end 5' between the coordinates 34 and 37, respecting therefore the telomere. In the centromeric region the breakpoint places as the previous one in the coordinate 178±1.4 bp. CONCLUSIONS: In both mutations both alpha genes were deleted, the gene θ and the region HS40. The exact identification of these deletions is essential to determine the function of the genes α with a view to a possible genetic diagnosis.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 16/genética , Deleção de Genes , alfa-Globinas/genética , Talassemia alfa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Southern Blotting , Criança , Pontos de Quebra do Cromossomo , Cromossomos Humanos Par 16/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Espanha/epidemiologia , alfa-Globinas/deficiência , Talassemia alfa/epidemiologia
3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 132(2): 53-56, ene. 2009. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71418

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: Las talasemias y las hemoglobinopatías son las alteraciones monogénicas más comunes y la causa del mayor y principal problema de salud pública en muchas partes del mundo. El diagnóstico prenatal es uno de los mejores programas de prevención de nuevos nacimientos con estos síndromes graves. Este trabajo recoge la experiencia desde el año 1996 del Grupo Español de Eritropatología con el diagnóstico prenatal de hemoglobinopatías estructurales y talasemias en España. Sujetos y método: se estudió a 36 parejas portadoras de β-talasemia o hemoglobina S. El material fetal se obtuvo mediante amniocentesis y biopsia de vellosidad corial y el genotipo se determinó con técnicas de biología molecular. Resultados: se produjeron 3 abortos espontáneos (8,3%), 6 interrupciones de embarazo (16,7%) y un caso de contaminación materna (2,8%). El diagnóstico prenatal pudo completarse en el 97,2% de los casos (35). Conclusiones: en nuestra experiencia, en relación con las hemoglobinopatías, lo ideal para poder dar un buen consejo genético es identificar la alteración molecular en los progenitores antes del primer embarazo. Esto permitiría un diagnóstico prenatal temprano durante el primer trimestre y, en caso de un resultado positivo, realizar la interrupción temprana y sin riesgos del embarazo (AU)


Background and objective: Thalassemias are the most common single-gene disorders in the world population and the most important health problem in several countries. The best program of prevention of new births is prenatal diagnosis. Here we gather the experience from 1996 of the Spanish Group of Erythropathology related to the prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies in Spain. Subject and method: 36 couples carriers of β-thalassemia or Hb S were studied. Fetal material was obtained by amniocentesis and BCV. The genotype was determined by molecular biology technologies. Results: We observed 3 spontaneous abortions (8.3%), 6 interruptions of pregnancy (16.7%) and a case of maternal contamination (2.8%). Prenatal diagnosis could be completed in 97.2% of the cases (35). Conclusions: In our experience, with regards to hemoglobinopathies, it is essential to provide a good genetic advice in order to identify the molecular alteration in the progenitors before the first pregnancy. This would allow a prenatal diagnosis during the first quarter and, in case of a positive result, to perform an early interruption of the pregnancy without risks (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Hemoglobinopatias/diagnóstico , Talassemia beta/diagnóstico , Aborto Espontâneo , Aborto Induzido , Amostra da Vilosidade Coriônica , Resultado da Gravidez
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 131(12): 463-465, oct. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69458

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Las hemoglobinopatías estructurales son el resultado de mutaciones enlos genes de globina que determinan una alteración cualitativa en la expresión de dichos genes.En la mayoría de ellas la alteración estructural no condiciona ningún cambio significativo,por lo que cursan de forma silente o asintomática. En este trabajo presentamos un nuevo casode hemoglobina (Hb) Stanleyville II.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: El probando es una mujer de 72 años, raza blanca y origen canario. En laanalítica presentaba Hb de 14,3 g/dl, hematocrito del 44,4%, volumen corpuscular medio de85,8 fl, Hb corpuscular media de 27,7 pg y concentración de Hb corpuscular media de 32,2g/l; el índice de anisocitosis era del 15,1%, reticulocitos del 1,2%, HbA2 del 3,1% y HbF del1,6%. En la electroforesis en acetato de celulosa a pH alcalino y en el isoelectroenfoque se separóuna Hb anormal a la altura de la HbS. En agar citrato a pH ácido la Hb anormal no se separabade la HbA. Por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución de fase reversa se eluyó una cadenaalfa anormal más precoz que la alfa normal.RESULTADOS: En el análisis molecular, que se completó con la secuenciación de los productos deamplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de los genes alfa1 y alfa2, se demostró lamutación AAC → AAA en el codón 78 del segundo exón del gen alfa2 en estado heterocigoto, quedetermina un cambio de asparagina por lisina.CONCLUSIONES: La sustitución de un aminoácido con carga neutra, como la asparagina, por otrocon carga muy positiva, como la lisina, en el segmento EF, que corresponde a la superficie externade la estructura terciaria de la cadena de globina, determina un cambio neto en la cargade la cadena. Esto permite su fácil diferenciación por métodos electroforéticos y cromatográficos.Sin embargo, como la localización no es fundamental para la estabilidad, solubilidad y afinidadpor el oxígeno del tetrámero, cursa de forma silente o asintomática. La Hb Stanleyville IIse había descrito hasta ahora en familias de raza negra del Congo, Uganda, Zaire, EE.UU., Alsaciay Brasil. Este caso representa el primero descrito en España


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Structural hemoglobinopathies are the result of mutations in the genesof globin, which determine a qualitative alteration in the expression of these genes. Mostalterations do not originate any significant change, and correspond to silent or asymptomaticforms. This study proves a new case of hemoglobin (Hb) Stanleyville II.PATIENTS AND METHOD: The propositus was a 72 years old Caucasian woman, from the Canary Islands.Her hematological data were: Hb 14.3 g/dl; hematocrit 44.4%; mean corpuscular volume85.8 fl; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 27.7 pg; red cell distribution width 15.1%; reticulocytes1.2%; HbA2 3.1% and HbF 1.6%. Electrophoretic studies in cellulose acetate electrophoresisat alkaline pH = 8.6 and isoelectrofocusing showed an anomalous Hb similar to HbS. The anomalousHb did not appear in agar citrate electrophoresis (pH 6.0). The analysis by reverse phasehigh perfomance liquid chromatography for globin chains showed an alphaX anomalous after alphaA.RESULTS: Molecular analysis by sequentiation of the polymerase chain reaction products genesalpha1 and alpha2 showed the mutation AAC → AAA at CD78 of second gene alpha2 in heterozygote state,which leads the change of asparagine to lysine.CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of an amino acid with neutral charge like asparagine for anotherone with positive charge like lysine in the segment EF, which corresponds to the external surfaceof the tertiary structure of the chain of globin, determines the change of charge in the chain.This allows an easy differentiation by electrophoretic and chromatographic methods. Nevertheless,owing to its position in the chain, which is not critique for the stability, solubility and affinityfor the oxygen allows for silent or asymptomatic forms. The Hb Stanleyville II had beendescribed before in black families of the Congo, Uganda, USA, Alsace and Brazil. This case representsthe first case described in Spain


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Hemoglobinopatias/diagnóstico , Talassemia alfa/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinopatias/terapia , Asparagina/farmacocinética , Lisina/farmacocinética
5.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 124(19): 726-9, 2005 May 21.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15919031

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobin S (HbS) alpha-thalassemia together with ss-thalassemia and hemoglobins C, E and D are named common hemoglobinopathies. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of the association between alpha-thalassemia and HbS and its phenotypic expression. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Since January 1995 to March 2003 we studied 83 cases of HbS, which were diagnosed by electrophoretic and chromatographic criteria. The molecular study was carried out by Southern blot with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II and a (1.5 Kb Pst) and z (1.8 Kb Sac Y) probes. RESULTS: 45 cases (54.2%) had a-thalassemia (36 -alpha3,7/aa; 1-alpha4,2/alphaalpha; 6 -alpha3,7/-alpha3,7; 1-alpha4,2/-alpha4,2); 36 had not alpha-thalassemia and in two cases there were a triplication of a genes. The patients with HbS heterozygote associated with alpha-thalassemia showed a percentage of HbS (p < 0.0001), CMV (p = 0.004), MCH (p = 0.002) and MCHC (p = 0.02) significantly lower than the cases of HbS without this association. However, no differences between both groups were found with regard to the rest of parameters analyzed (Hb p = 0.56; PVC p = 0.84; RDW p = 0.06; Reticulocytes p = 0.26; HbF p = 0.76; HbA2 p = 0.13). In the cases with a severe form of disease (HbS homozygote; HbS/Hb C; HbS/beta-thalassemia), patients with alpha-thalassemia had a number of leukocytes that was significantly lower than that of patients without alpha-thalassemia (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: An association between HbS and alpha-thalassemia was common (> 50%). Screening for this association is of great interest because the clinical expression in the cases of HbS homozigote will be modulated. This association must be suspected in cases of homozygous HbS in which levels of HbS are lower than expected.


Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/genética , Talassemia alfa/genética , Hemoglobinopatias/genética , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Fenótipo , Espanha
6.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 124(17): 645-647, mayo 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036591

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: En los pacientes con síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD) la acumulación progresiva de hierro en el organismo representa uno de los problemas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos un protocolo de diseño observacional, abierto, multicéntrico y no aleatorizado, en pacientes diagnosticados de SMD en régimen transfusional con sobrecarga de hierro. En este estudio se pretende comprobar la eficacia del tratamiento parenteral con desferrioxamina, utilizando dispositivos de perfusión continua subcutánea, y valorar la evolución de la sobrecarga de hierro y los requerimientos tranfusionales. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se incluyeron 28 pacientes (12 varones, 16 mujeres), 12 con anemia refractaria(AR), 15 con anemia sideroblástica (AS) y 1 con un SMD no especificado. El seguimiento medio fue de 13,5 meses con pérdidas paulatinas de pacientes, 11 de ellas durante el primer año. RESULTADOS: A los 12 meses, la media (desviación estándar [DE]) de ferritina disminuyó en258,51 (1.208,04) ng/ml (p = 0,4) y a los 24 meses, en 979,6 (810,31) ng/dl (p = 0,1). A los 12 meses la media de transfundidos aumentó en 60,57 (183,7) g Hb/mes (p = 0,029) y a los 24 meses, en 167,3 (406,5) g Hb/mes (p = 0,36). CONCLUSIONES: La administración de desferrioxamina es eficaz en prevenir el aumento de la sobrecarga férrica en los pacientes con síndromes mielodisplásicos y debería incorporarse en su tratamiento


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The progressive accumulation of iron in the organism contribute toone of the most important problems of morbidity and mortality in patients with myelodysplasticsyndrome (MDS). We present an observational protocol, multicentre, open and non-aleatheorised,I n patients diagnosed with MDS on transfusional regime with iron overload. The study was meant to prove the effectiveness of the parenteral treatment with desferrioxamine using continuous devices of subcutaneous profusion and evaluate the evolution of iron overload as well as transfusional requirements. PATIENTS AND METHOD: There were 28 patients (12 men and 16 women), 12 AR, 15 AS and 1unknown. Average monitoring lasted 13.5 months and there was a gradual loss of patients. 11of them had gone during the first year. RESULTS: After 12 months the average of ferritin decreased by 258.51 ng/dl (DE 1208.04; p =9.4) and after 24 months, it decreased by 979.6 ng/dl (DE 810.31; p = 0.1). After 12 months the average of requirements increased by 60.57 gHb/month (DE 183.7; p = 0.029) and after24 months, it increased by 167.3 g/Hb/month (DE 406.5; p = 0.36).CONCLUSIONS: Desferroxiamine treatment is effective at least to prevent an iron overload in these patients, and therefore should be incorporated in the clinical practice


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Desferroxamina/administração & dosagem , Sobrecarga de Ferro/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Refratária/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Sideroblástica/tratamento farmacológico , Transfusão de Sangue , Ferritinas/análise
7.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 124(19): 726-729, mayo 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036615

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: La hemoglobina (Hb) S y la alfatalasemia son, junto con la betatalasemiay las Hb C, E y D, las denominadas hemoglobinopatías comunes, las cuales presentan una alta prevalencia en las zonas históricamente endémicas de paludismo. En este estudio analizamos la frecuencia de la asociación de estas 2 hemoglobinopatías, así como su expresión fenotípica. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Entre enero de 1995 y marzo de 2003 hemos realizado un estudio molecular para descartar la presencia de una alfatalasemia asociada de un total de 83 casos diagnosticados de hemoglobinopatías S por criterios electroforéticos y cromatográficos. El estudio molecular se realizó por Southern blot con las endonucleasas de restricción Bam HI y Bgl II, y lassondas α (1,5 Kb Pst I) y ζ (1,8 Kb Sac Y).RESULTADOS: De los 83 casos estudiados, 45 (54,2%) presentaban alfatalasemia (37 -α3,7/αα; 1-α4,2/αα; 6 -α3,7/-α3,7; 1 -α4,2/-α4,2); 36 no tenían alfatalasemia y en 2 había una triplicación degenes α. Los pacientes con HbS heterocigota asociada a alfatalasemia presentaron el porcentajede HbS (p 50%en nuestra experiencia). El cribado de esta asociación es de gran interés, ya que puede modularla expresión clínica de los casos de HbS homocigota. Dicha asociación se debe sospecharen los casos de HbS heterocigota con valores más bajos de HbS de lo esperado


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobin S (HbS) α-thalassemia together with β-thalassemia and hemoglobins C, E and D are named common hemoglobinopathies. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of the association between α-thalassemia and HbS and its phenotypic expression. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Since January 1995 to March 2003 we studied 83 cases of HbS, which were diagnosed by electrophoretic and chromatographic criteria. The molecular study was carried out by Southern blot with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II and a (1.5 Kb Pst)and z (1.8 Kb Sac Y) probes. RESULTS: 45 cases (54.2%) had a-thalassemia (36 -α3,7/aa; 1-α4,2/αα; 6 -α3,7/-α3,7; 1-α4,2/-α4,2); 36 had not α-thalassemia and in two cases there were a triplication of a genes. The patients with HbS heterozygote associated with α-thalassemia showed a percentage of HbS(p 50%). Screening for this association is of great interest because the clinical expression in the cases of HbS homozygote will be modulated. This association must be suspected in cases of homozygous HbSin which levels of HbS are lower than expected


Assuntos
Humanos , Talassemia alfa/complicações , Hemoglobinopatias/complicações , Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Talassemia alfa/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinopatias/epidemiologia
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